Retirement is a journey and not a one-time event. Many factors and events will affect your journey. Each of us will have our own unique story. Today we'll focus on the retirement preparation phase. This starts around 10-15 years from retirement. In this phase, important things to start thinking about are: What does my retirement lifestyle look like? How much income do I need for this lifestyle? What will my retirement income sources be? Am I on track to meet my retirement lifestyle goals?
Wellness in retirement involves more than just finances. It's important to focus on your physical, mental, and social health as well. True wellness is about quality of life and sense of well-being. This comes from maintaining good physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, and social wellness. Physical wellness includes nutrition, exercise, and ability to care for oneself. It also means having a safe and accessible living environment. Mental wellness is understanding your emotions and sharing feelings in a healthy way. It involves lifelong learning and new challenges too. Social wellness means having satisfying relationships and contributing to your community. All of these dimensions of wellness work together to improve your quality of life in retirement. Wellness is important at every stage. Focusing on it in your retirement can help you live longer and better enjoy this next phase of life.
<On the slide:> A Venn diagram showing the interconnection between three aspects of retirement planning: Wellness in the middle, with Mental, Physical and Financial overlapping it to illustrate their interrelationship. <End of slide>
Let's meet Mae. She's single, earns $60,000 per year, and is planning for an age 65 retirement. She'll qualify to receive payments from Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security when she retires. This won't cover all her monthly expenses. She needs to plan for where the rest of the income will come from.
<On the slide:> Investments/Savings: $500,000; Current health: Healthy <End slide>
Her income goal is 70% of her current salary, or $42,000 per year. In addition to her CPP and OAS, she'll need to draw around $25,000 per year from her savings. $5000 of this is for essential, core expenditures such as rent and groceries. The other $20,000 falls into the discretionary, or nice to have "wants" category. These are items such as vacation or dinners out.
<On the slide:> Footnote states: Mae's CPP and OAS income is an example only, to understand the concept. <End slide>
What does Mae's story have to do with you? Nothing specifically. But her story, and the planning that she needs to do, is ultimately the whole point of this presentation. The process she has to go through is what we're all going to need to do in order to be ready for retirement. She needs to split her budget into wants versus needs. She needs to research what her government sources of income are. She needs to undertake some new learning to be able to make decisions about retirement income products. And, ultimately, she needs to pull this all together and decide on what's best for her. The good news is very few people do this alone. We watch recordings like this, we read articles, we meet with financial advisors and planners. We tap into to the resources around us, and we come up with a plan. So, let's get started on the journey.
<On the slide:>
• Defining your retirement income goal
• Retirement risks
• Sources of retirement income
• Other considerations
• Next steps <End slide>
One of the first steps is to think about what you see yourself doing in retirement. Your desired lifestyle has a major influence on your retirement planning. Some people want to work part-time in retirement. Others don't. Some people want to stick close to home, while others want to travel the world. It's essential for you to think about your needs, wants and dreams. What makes up your retirement vision? This isn't anybody else's retirement – it's yours. So, what do you want it to look like?
Retirement can span many years – 25, 30, or even more. Over that time, your income needs will change. This may be due to age, health, or the death of a spouse. If you have children, grandchildren, or elderly parents, this may also increase your spending. Also consider costs for home repairs or renovations, vehicle replacement and higher than expected inflation. Experts often refer to the phases of retirement as "Go-Go," "Slow-Go" and "No-Go." The exact timing of each will vary for everyone. But most of us can expect our spending to shift. Typically, we move from lifestyle and leisure towards health care and housing costs as we move through our retirement years. Completing a budget that accounts for your lifetime expenses is a key action step. Consider core items such as heat, shelter and food. Then look at your discretionary expenses such as entertainment and travel. Just like Mae did in her planning, consider splitting your expenses into needs and wants. This may assist you in making income product decisions. It may also help you determine the right retirement date, and the right date to start drawing from your various income sources.
<On the slide:> TITLE: "Typical expenses in retirement". The slide is organized into three columns showing how different expenses change during retirement:
- "Stay the same (keeping in line with inflation)": Groceries, Vehicles, Property taxes, Homeowner insurance, Utility bills, Rent, Life insurance
- "Decrease": Mortgage, savings for retirement, Retirement plan, No Canada Pension Plan (CPP)/Quebec Pension Plan (QPP), Employment Insurance (EI), Work-related expenses, Taxes
- "Increase": Hobbies, Entertainment, Travel, Health Care <End slide>
Here are 4 common risks often discussed when talking about retirement. First – longevity. Canadians are living longer than previous generations. We all know this. But we aren't planning for it. Estimates indicate that people underestimate the number of years they are going to live by five years. Imagine five years without income. Now layer that with the fact it's likely to occur a time of additional health care and housing costs. Next, inflation. Inflation will erode what you can buy with each dollar. As time goes on, you'll be able to purchase less. And what about the markets? What happens if there's a big drop during retirement? Regular investment reviews are an important part of retirement planning. It's important to mitigate market dips when you're withdrawing retirement income. A good retirement plan also anticipates the unexpected. Whether that be unexpected expenses, changes in health, or the early death of a spouse. Saving for a rainy day and having a budget are part of security planning. So are products such as Life insurance, Critical Illness insurance and/or Long-term care coverage. These are all important topics for you to explore.
While there are clearly a lot of things to consider, generating a steady stream of income in retirement is top of mind for many. Most Canadians use a combination of government, primary and secondary sources of income in retirement. Once you've familiarized yourself with them, you'll be able to estimate your retirement income. Let's explore these now.
<On the slide:> TITLE: "Sources of income at retirement." The slide shows three categories of income sources presented in columns:
- "Government": Canada Pension Plan (CPP)/Quebec Pension Plan (QPP), Old Age Security (OAS)/Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), Allowance
- "Primary": Company retirement program, Personal Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP), Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA)
- "Secondary": Home, Rental property, Other savings <End slide>
Your workplace and personal savings may include many different plan types. When you're ready to generate income from them, you'll have to convert them. For registered accounts, such as a DCPP or RRSP, you must establish your retirement income accounts no later than December 31st of the year you turn 71. Broadly speaking, retirement savings plans are grouped into two categories. Locked-in and non-locked in savings. With locked-in accounts, there is a minimum and a maximum limit for withdrawals each year. For non-locked in accounts, there's only a minimum withdrawal. In the next few slides, we'll discuss the various retirement income plans that are available. Many Canadians like to use a combination of options.
<On the slide:> The slide titled "Primary income sources (your workplace plan)" shows a comprehensive flow chart diagram with two main sections:
- "Locked-in savings" showing the path from:
- "Defined Contribution Pension Plan (DCPP)" with "Required contributions"
- "Simplified Pension Plan (SPP)"
- "Defined Benefit Pension Plan (DBPP)" which "Converts to a guaranteed pension based on formula. The pension is paid by the pension plan."
- Options leading to "Life Income Fund (LIF)", "Keep invested", "Cash", or "Annuity"
- "Non-locked savings" showing the path from:
- "Tax Free Savings Account (TFSA)"
- "Non-registered (NREG)"
- "Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP)"
- "Defined Contribution Pension Plan (DCPP) Voluntary Contributions"
- "Deferred Profit Sharing Plan (DPSP)"
- Options leading to "Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF)", "Keep invested", "Cash", or "Annuity"
The diagram uses arrows to show the flow and conversion options between different account types. <End of slide>
A Registered Retirement Income Fund (RRIF) is an account you can establish when you want to start receiving regular retirement income from your non-locked savings. You can transfer part, or all, of your RRSP and/or non-locked pension assets into a RRIF. All amounts transferred to a RRIF remain tax-sheltered. You pay tax only on the retirement income you withdraw annually. You'll need to make ongoing investment decisions in a RRIF. If investment growth is higher than your withdrawals, the account will grow. If you withdraw more than the investments are earning, the account balance will drop. You may eventually run out of money. Each year, only minimum withdrawal rules apply. There is no maximum withdrawal limit in a RRIF, making this a flexible source of retirement income. At any time, you may transfer your assets from a RRIF to a payout annuity.
A Life Income Fund, or LIF, is an account that you can establish when it's time to start to draw regular retirement income from your locked-in savings. For example, from a Defined Contribution Pension Plan. To establish a LIF you transfer part, or all, of your locked-in savings. All amounts transferred to a LIF remain tax-sheltered. You pay tax only on the retirement income you withdraw annually. You'll need to make ongoing investment decisions in a LIF. If investment growth is higher than your withdrawals, the account will grow. If you withdraw more than the investments are earning, the account balance will drop. LIFs are similar to RRIFs. But, in addition to a minimum withdrawal amount, a LIF also has a maximum yearly withdrawal limit. That makes a LIF account less flexible than a RRIF. At any time, you may transfer your assets from a LIF to a payout annuity.
<On the slide:> Footnote: An owner of a Quebec regulated LIF account who is aged 55 and over is not subject to a maximum withdrawal. <End of slide>
An annuity is the third type of account you can use to receive retirement income. An annuity offers a set payment, typically paid monthly. You receive the payments in exchange for transferring a lump sum of money to an insurance company. There are various kinds of payout annuities designed to meet different financial priorities. Annuities can provide you with a guaranteed regular income for the rest of your life. This type of annuity is called a Life Annuity. Life Annuities can be issued based on a single life. In a spousal situation, they can also be issued on the lives of two people. You can also purchase an annuity with or without a guarantee period. That means there may or may not be the possibility of money being left for your beneficiaries. These are very complex products, and there is no ability to change the contract once it's been issued. For more information, we recommend speaking with a professional advisor for advice related to your specific situation.
Remember Mae? Her income goal is $42,000 per year. Her CPP and OAS will pay just under $17,000. So, she needs to draw $25,000 per year from her savings. $5000 is for essential needs, and $20,000 is for her "wants" category.
Mae has 3 options.
Option 1: A life annuity will ensure Mae does not outlive her income needs. She would receive approximately $27,500 per year in guaranteed income for life. Since Mae is in good health, this may be a good option as she may live into her 90s. One consideration is that Mae won't be able to change her income if unexpected expenses arise.
Option 2: Mae could transfer all of her money to a RIF. If she invested the full $500,000 into a RIF, and earned a 4.0% return each year, she won't outlive her savings. She may even have money left over if she lives to age 90. Market fluctuations may impact her savings over time though and reduce how long the money will last. This creates some uncertainty in her retirement income plan.
Option 3: Mae can set up two products to address her needs and wants separately. She can meet her income needs of $5,140 per year through the purchase of annuity with $120,000 of her savings. Her income wants of $20,000 per year can come from a RIF. If Mae transferred the remaining $380,000 of her savings to a RIF and earned a 4.0% annual return, she won't outlive her savings. This strategy gives Mae lifetime income for her basic needs and some flexibility for unexpected expenses. There's no right or wrong here. Just right or wrong for Mae. She has some thinking to do. Working with a financial planner could help her ensure that her retirement income plan provides a balance between security and flexibility.
<On the slide:> Annuity and RRIF amounts are for illustrative purposes only. <End slide>
In addition to workplace savings plans, some people also invest in real estate. Perhaps they own a cottage or rental property. Other types of savings to include in the retirement planning process are any personal savings. For example, TFSAs, non-registered accounts, stocks or bonds, etc. And some people will choose to work part time in retirement. This may be to fill time, as a social outlet, to create purpose, or for the income. We suggest you include an inheritance only if you're absolutely sure of it. For example, if there's a family trust. The timing on inheritances, and the ultimate amount you receive, can change quickly. You wouldn't want to depend on it, unless you know that it's a sure thing.
We've talked about a lot of things today. And there are more subjects to explore. Things like selecting investments in retirement, income taxes, and legacy issues. That's why planning ahead and using the available tools and resources is so important. To assist you with your planning, Sun Life has a variety of tools available at mysunlife.ca. We encourage you to explore them. Consider working with professionals to build your knowledge and confidence. They can help you create a retirement plan that's tailored to your unique situation.
<On the slide:> The slide lists available resources:
• The retirement planner
• The annuity premium calculator
• The RRIF calculator
• Asset Allocation tool
• Planning your best retirement
• Retirement Planning Guide
• Financial advisor <End slide>
<On the slide:> Thank you! The information provided is of a general nature and can not be construed as personal financial or legal advice. Neither Sun Life or its affiliates guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any such information. This information should not be acted on without obtaining counsel from your professional advisors, including a lawyer, notary, tax professional, or financial advisor (registered as Financial Security Advisors in Quebec) as may be applicable to your individual situation.
Group Retirement Services are provided by Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada, a member of the Sun Life group of companies. <End slide>